The Most
Important Things I learned in Nicaragua in 1980 and How I came to Teach English
and later Indigenous languages in Honduras.
By Wendy
Griffin 6/18/2015
My
abosolutely favorite sermón I Heard in Managua Nicaragua in the misas de
gallo leading up to Christmas of 1980, the first year of the Sandista
victory. It was given by the Papal Nuncio in achurch where the walls of the
church had fallen down first in the earthquake that destroyed Managua and later
they were rebuilt,but felldown in a minor earthquake and they asked the nuns
who tended the church wouldn't it be better to leave it was because it let the
breezes in? Any way he asked the Nicaraguan children and I who came to the misa
de gallo (5am masses because that is when the rosters crow) how do we know
Jesús Christ came to minister to the poor?
Because
he was born in a manger. If his father had been rich, and said when he
was approaching Bethlehem after hearing there was no room in the inns,
there is 100 dollars or dinari to the first person who will turn their
children out of bed and give a bed to my pregant wife who is in
labor, do you think there would have been a bed made available for
her? Of course! It was because he was born to a poor family
that there was no room in the inn. Doesn't that ring totally true?
Later
that week we did La Posada in the church, where after being told that
there was no room (no hay posada) in various homes, we go to the church
and the doors are opened and the people are told In our church there is room
for everyone and we all go in, including Mary, and Joseph who had not found
posada ( aplace to rest) eleswhere on their journey that night. Garífuna
posadas are substantially different.
A few
years later I went to East Liberty Presbyterian Church which has a huge
main church, but they decided to do the candlelight and carols service at 7 pm,
the same time as La posada in Nicaragua, in their chapel, even though they have
a 1,000 members in the church. I went and there was no room for me in the East
Liberty Presbyterian church service in the chapel and I cried. I missed the
humble Nicaraguans terribly who said in our church there is room for every
one, and maybe we do not even need walls to keep anyone out.
I was
also in Nicaragua at the time of the Sandinista Literacy Campaign in Indigenous
Languages. Although it later went badly for them, it left me with the idea that
it was posible and had many good reasons in its favor. I went on to study the Sandinista
Literacy Campaign in Indigenous languages more in depth during my Master’s
degree in Education at the University of Pittsburgh because i Heard of it while
i was there. This is also how I first became interested in the Miskito Indians
who I later worked with in Honduras and who I also studied their role in the
Contra War at the University of Pittsburgh.
When I
was in Nicaragua the people in Managua were happy the Somoza regime had been
overthrown and that peace reigned in Nicaragua and the Army did not terrorize
the local people. The worst complaint i Heard against the sandistas was the
high Price of chicken which was not their fault since 60% of chickens were
imported, mostly from the United States.
I was
very sad the US government used my work in Nicaragua to justify supporting the
Contras, and even more angry when I learned the relationship of drugs and the
Iran-Contra Affair. When the opportunity came up to work in Honduras teaching
English, a program started as part of the foreign aid the US government gave to
Honduras to bribe them to let the Contras stay in Honduras (Nicaragua Libre was
in the Honduran Department of El Paraiso and not in Nicaragua and displaced
internally Honduran peasants who came to speak at the University), I accepted
it saying, I will try to make sure that Honduras gets something good out of
what was recognizably a bad situation. The Foreign Language major at the
National Teacher’s College remains and is its largest major, a whole new
building was built to house all the students. My 30 years of working in
Honduras was partially trying to do penance or in some small way make up for all the evil that was done as a result of
my work in Nicaragua on the eve of Ronald Reagon coming into office and my
government’s work in Central America during this period.
During my
working at the US Embassy in Managua, and later working for USIS in Honduras i
had the opportunity to observe other people who worked at the US Embassy. I had
briefly thought that with degrees in Area Studies and having studied foreign
languages I might be a good candidate to work in the foreign service, in the US
Embassies abroad. But in Honduras i was told by the employees that the job of
the employees of the US Embassy was to represent the government of the United
States and not to try to meet the needs of local people. A US Ambassador to
Honduras John Ferch was recalled after a short time in Honduras because he
tried to represent Honduras’s needs instead of the US government’s policies. I
felt given what i had seen of US foreign policy in Managua and Tegucigalpa, I
was not cut out to work for the diplomatic service. I also thought that since I
had studied Area studies, and foreign languages and had an Associate Degree in
Business administration, I could work in international business, which however
it turned out that I had no taste for either.
By the
time I got out of the US Air Force in August of 1981, I had the idea that I did
not want to be another suburban housewife, that instead my calling was to work
with the poor in Central America, whom I had seen in Guatemala during the time
of the masacres of the Maya Indians, and in Managua, but I did not know what
type of help the poor needed or what type of training I needed to get to be
able to be of real use for them. So I chose to go to Asia and work in work
camps (I worked among the Tamils of Sri Lanka about 3 months before the 27 year
civil war broke out), and teaching English for the YMCA, and observe what kind
of projects people were doing with the poor in Asia that I could learn the skills
to do.
I tell
the story that I was called to be an English teacher in the rainforest. I
worked for the Tamils in Mylanthanie (Place of the Peacock) where the Tamils
fought to keep elephants out of their rice paddies and the teachers only had
4th grade educations. But I had developed a cough from going from the heat of
Agra where the Taj Mahal is, to Srinigar in the Himalayan mountains and
visiting the glaciers, so I was in Batticoloa on the Coast which had a
Christian church, i don’t remember if Catholic or Anglican, but i think Catholic. I went into the church, and fell
asleep in the pew. When i woke up I had an overwhelming sensation that I needed
to go and check my mail. I received mail at the American Express office in Colombo an all night train ride, but I had
time before i had to go back to Mylanthanie, so I went and caught the train.
I had
written to the YMCA Overservice Board that if they were looking for someone
between 20 and 30 years old, of Christian orientation, who was interested in
foriegn languages and cultures to teach English in Taiwan or Japan, they were
looking for me. In Colombo there was a telegram saying expecting you in Taipei
on Friday for orientation.
This put
me in a quandry as I was supposed to supervise teachers for the Gandyam Society
in Sri Lanka, an unpaid job, for another two months, but the Taiwan job was a
paid job. I had studied East Asian studies at Western Washington State College,
and it would be great to work and learn in Taiwan. Also it is not posible to
get from Colombo on Tuesday, get a visa for taiwan in Hongkong, a flight there
and a twoday process, and turn in my resignation in Mylanthanie where i had
left all my things. But i wrote back, I will be in Taipei on Saturday. I went
back to Mylanthanie and got my things, and turned around and flew to Hong Kong,
got my two month extendable B visa, and flew to Taipei. When i got to Taipei
they said, We were not expecting you,but since you are here, you can teach English
at the Kaohisung YMCA where I worked for a year. While i was there, the head of
all YMCA programs in Asia came to lunch, and I asked him if he knew anything
about teaching in Thailand. He said he had just come from Thailand, and they
were asking for an English teaching volunteer, if i was interested he could
arrange it. So I taught English for two years in Asia, and observed projects
being done as development.
I was
talking to the Presbyterian missionary who went to the Interdenominational
English speaking church in Kaohsiung about my quandry about how i did not know
what kind of work was useful for me to do to help local people. He said maybe
you are called to teach English, what you are doing. In Thailand I was over my
head as i had to do teacher training, curriculum development, textbook writing,
in addition to teaching my own classes. While overseas i learned what most
people asked for for overseas English teachers was a Master’s degree and 2 years experience. I
had the two years of experience but i did not have the Master’s degree.
I flew
back to my home town of Pittsburgh, PA at Thanksgiving and happened to see that
the University of Pittsburgh offered a combined International Development
Education Program (IDEP)/TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of other
languages). I interviewed and submitted papers and was accepted to start in January
1985. Unfortunately I did not like the program. The
good TESOL professors who had made the
department famous were all in administrative positions and my teacher had less
experience than i did. The IDEP program
was too theoretical for what i wanted to do. I got out my little Whole World
handbook Guide to Work Study and Travel around the World put out by CIEE, and
looked what they had in Latin America. They had the USIS English teacher
training program, so I applied to that and transferred back to Western
Washington State College for the summer where i took a Writing course that
influenced my decisión to write for Honduras This Week.
Because
USIS is on the East Coast they called me at 7 am, and asked if I wanted to
start the first English teacher training program in Honduras? My dream job and
I was not even 30 years old yet. I
accepted and later I had to callthem
back to ask how much it paid. I was told I had to be there before
Thanksgiving,and that i show i began teaching at the National Teacher’s College
in Tegucigalpa,Honduras. Since they had an extensión Project to help the Pech
Indians get bilingual intercultural education I got involved with that, and 30
years later I am still trying to help that Project.
When I was in Honduras last year, the Catholic Church had an article on Ignacio Loyola, the founder the Jesuits, that originally he was a soldier but when he became wounded he became a priest and started the largest order within the Catholic Church. Hopefully the Central Americans will judge me by what I have done voluntarily to help them, instead of what happened as a result of being a poor person who joined the military to get job experience, some training (I learned Spanish at the Defense language institute of monterey, California), and an income when I was por and desperate for an income and a place to live. My work in Honduras was a way to make up for the unfortunate way I got to know Central America and showed that not all Americans agree with the policies of their government in the área.
So if I say that current US policies in Central America especially Honduras are similar to what they were in the 1980's, I did not read what those policies were, I lived them then and now. And if I say the situation of how the Garífunas and to some extent the Miskitos are being treated now reminds me of what started the 27 Tamil civil war it was because i was there and lived those months with them.